In January 2014 Ghana’s government implemented Excise Duty Act 2014 (ACT 878), which imposed a 17.5% ad valorem excise tax on bottled water and other non-alcoholic beverages. In May 2023, this tax rate increased to 20% via the Excise Duty Amendment Bill 2023 (ACT 1093), which also expanded the range of taxed products to include fruit and vegetable juices.