Transnational/Global

The GFRP team collectively or individually has been involved in research spanning regions and countries at all income levels and including studies on diet, physical activity, overweight/obesity, and broader food system-related issues. Policy work includes the World Bank obesity strategy coauthored by Barry Popkin and Meera Shekar (Obesity : Health and Economic Consequences of an Impending Global Challenge), regional studies on food systems and obesity by Popkin and Tom Reardon and others (e.g., in Latin America and Africa), background documents for initiatives on physical activity, and Bellagio meetings.

Reviews include a narrative review of governmental regulations to restrict unhealthy food marketing to children, and a scoping review on front-of-package warning labels.

GFRP Team Lead

Resources

  • Front-of-package labeling

    Fact sheet describing how front-of-package (FOP) labels can help consumers make informed, healthier choices and encourage industry to improve the nutritional profile of their products and portfolios. Learn about the evidence for different FOP labels, what types of labels are in use around the world today, and key elements to consider when developing and implementing an effective FOP labelling policy.

  • Taxes on unhealthy foods and beverages

    Global maps showing countries and smaller jurisdictions with taxes on sugary or sweetened beverages and/or unhealthy foods that were implemented with a goal of curbing consumption of sugar, salt, saturated or trans fats, and excessive calories and improving public health. Included are brief descriptions of each tax structure and dates of passage or implementation.

  • Comments for WHO consultation on the draft fiscal policy guidelines

    Illustrated icon of a comment bubbleThe Global Food Research Program submission to World Health Organization's public consultation on draft guidelines on fiscal policies to promote healthy diets

  • Taxing sugary drinks: A fiscal policy to improve public health

    Learn about the connections between excess sugar consumption and prevalence of obesity and other noncommunicable diseases, as well as real-world evidence for how sugary drink taxes can reduce sugar intake, improve health, and increase government revenue while decreasing health care costs and the personal and shared burdens of nutrition-related diseases.

  • Front-of-package labeling fact sheet

    Fact sheet describing how front-of-package (FOP) labels can help consumers make informed, healthier choices and encourage industry to improve the nutritional profile of their products and portfolios. Learn about the evidence for different FOP labels, what types of labels are in use around the world today, and key elements to consider when developing and implementing an effective FOP labelling policy.

  • Comments for WHO consultation on draft marketing policy guidelines

    Illustrated icon of a comment bubbleThe Global Food Research Program's submission to the consultation on the World Health Organization's draft guidelines on policies to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing

  • Front-of-package labeling

    Series of maps showing interpretive labels used on food and beverage packages around around the world. These maps feature national-level, mandatory front-of-package labeling policies as well as government-endorsed voluntary labels. This resource includes a map highlighting countries with front-of-package warning label policies.

  • Restrictions on marketing food to children

    Global map showing countries with national-level, mandatory policies aimed at protecting children from harmful marketing for unhealthy foods or beverages by limiting children’s exposure to marketing and/or by limiting the persuasive power of food marketing via restrictions on the use of certain creative marketing techniques. This resource includes a chart comparing policy scope in each country and more details on limits to television advertising.

  • Food and beverage marketing

    Marketing Fact Sheet ThumbnailFact sheet describing the prevalence and persuasive nature of junk food marketing and its impact on children and adolescents. Learn how unhealthy food marketing contributes to global childhood obesity and about recommendations for regulations to limit its harms.

    Updated May 2022

  • Stages of the Nutrition Transition

    Nutrition Transition DiagramDiagram outlining the five phases of the Nutrition Transition and their associated dietary and activity patterns.

    © Barry M. Popkin, 2021

  • Sweetened beverage tax evaluations: Stakeholders, potential outcomes, and responses

    Diagram showing interactions between stakeholders regarding sweetened beverage taxesDiagram depicting the relationships between stakeholders’ interests (governments, health advocates, consumers, and industry), their potential responses to sweetened beverage taxes, and measurable outcomes for evaluations.

  • School food environment

    Global map showing countries with national-level policies to improve nutrition in public schools by limiting service or sales of foods that do not build health. Key policy interventions mapped include restrictions on nutrients, ingredients, or categories of concern in school meals, competitive food sales, and marketing in schools.

  • Ultra-processed foods

    Thumbnail image of ultra-processed food fact sheet

    Fact sheet describing ultra-processed foods and drinks and the threat they pose to public health worldwide as they make up increasingly greater portions of the global diet. Learn how to identify ultra-processed products; review the evidence for their association with a multitude of risk factors, diseases, and mortality; and explore policy options to reduce consumption.

    Updated November 2023 (May 2021 version available in Spanish and Portuguese)

  • Industry self-regulation

    Fact Sheet Industry Self-Regulation ThumbnailFact sheet describing food and beverage industry voluntary self-regulation in three main areas of public health concern: 1) Child-directed food marketing; 2) front-of-package labelling; and 3) reducing unhealthy nutrients in the food supply. While self-regulation continues to be the most common approach globally for addressing industry’s role in the ongoing obesity crisis, this fact sheet details a large body of independent evidence demonstrating that these measures have been ineffective and insufficient.

    Updated July 2020

  • School food environments

    Fact Sheet School Food ThumbnailFact sheet describing the impact of unhealthy school food environments on childhood obesity and wellness. Learn about policies that can improve the school food environment, including restricting access to unhealthy foods, protecting kids from food industry marketing, and emphasizing the nutritional standards schoolchildren need to grow, develop, and succeed at school and beyond the school grounds.

    Updated September 2018

Publications

  • Ultra-processed food for infants and toddlers; dynamics of supply and demand
    Authors: Elizabeth K. Dunford, Barry M. Popkin
    Published in: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, May 1, 2023 view full text

  • Simulation models of sugary drink policies: A scoping review
    Authors: Natalie Riva Smith, Anna H. Grummon, Shu Wen Ng, Sarah Towner Wright, Leah Frerichs
    Published in: PLOS ONE, October 3, 2022 view full text

  • How should we evaluate sweetened beverage tax policies? A review of worldwide experience
    Authors: Shu Wen Ng, M. Arantxa Colchero, Martin White
    Published in: BMC Public Health, October 26, 2021 view full text

  • Cash transfer programs are important for improved nutrition in low- and middle-income countries
    Authors: Barry M. Popkin
    Published in: The Journal of Nutrition, October 12, 2021 view full text

  • The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra-processed foods is not inevitable
    Authors: Barry M. Popkin BMShu Wen Ng 
    Published in: Obesity Reviews, October 10, 2021 view full text

  • The WHO South-East Asia region nutrient profile model is quite appropriate for India: An exploration of 31,516 Food Products
    Authors: Chandra Pandav, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Donna R. Miles, Bridget A. Hollingsworth, Barry M. Popkin
    Published in: Nutrients, August 15, 2021 view full text

  • The influence of front-of-package nutrition labeling on consumer behavior and product reformulation
    Authors: Christina A. Roberto, Shu Wen Ng, Montserrat Ganderats-Fuentes, David Hammond, Simón Barquera, Alejandra Jauregui, Lindsey Smith Taillie
    Published in: Annual Review of Nutrition, August 2, 2021  view full text

  • The need to reshape global food processing: a call to the United Nations Food Systems Summit
    Authors: Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Mark Lawrence, Christopher Millett, Marion Nestle, Barry M Popkin, Gyorgy Scrinis, Boyd Swinburn
    Published in: BMJ Global Health, July 1, 2021 view full text

  • Food environment solutions for childhood obesity in Latin America and among Latinos living in the United States.
    Authors: Ana Clara Duran, Melissa Mialon, Eric Crosbie, Melissa Lorena Jensen, Jennifer L. Harris, Carolina Batis, Camila Corvalán, Lindsey Smith Taillie
    Published in: Obesity Reviews, June 21, 2021 view full text

  • Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultra-processed food consumption and promote healthier eating
    Authors: Barry M. Popkin, Simon Barquera, Camila Corvalan, Karen Hofman, Carlos Monteiro, Shu Wen Ng, Elizabeth C. Swart, Lindsey Smith Taillie
    Published in: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, April 15, 2021 view full text

  • Sugar-sweetened beverage reduction policies: Progress and promise
    Authors: James Krieger, Sara Bleich, Stephanie Scarmo, and Shu Wen Ng
    Published in: Annual Review of Public Health, April 1, 2021 view full text

  • The processed food revolution in African food systems and the double burden of malnutrition
    Authors: Thomas Reardon, David Tschirley, Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie, Titus Awokuse, Jessica Fanzo, Bart Minten, Rob Vos, Michael Dolislager, Christine Sauer, Rahul Dhar, Carolina Vargas, Anna Lartey, Ahmed Raza, Barry M. Popkin
    Published in: Global Food Security, March 1, 2021 view full text

  • To assist the large number of countries facing the double burden of malnutrition we must understand its causes and recognize the need for policies that do no harm
    Authors: Barry M. Popkin
    Published in: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, February 20, 2021 view full text

  • Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships Authors: Barry M. Popkin, Shufa Du, William D. Green, Melinda A. Beck, Taghred Algaith, Christopher H. Herbst, Reem F. Alsukait, Mohammed Alluhidan, Nahar Alazemi, Meera Shekar
    Published in: Obesity Reviews, November 1, 2020 view full text

  • Sugary drink warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies
    Authors: Anna H Grummon, Marissa G Hall
    Published in: PLOS Medicine, May 20, 2020 view full text

  • Experimental studies of front-of-package nutrient warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods: A scoping review
    Authors: Lindsey S. Taillie, Marissa G. Hall, Barry M. Popkin, Shu Wen Ng, Nandita Murukutla
    Published in: Nutrients, February 22 2020 view full text

  • Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality
    Authors: Barry M. Popkin, Camila Corvalan, Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn
    Published in: The Lancet, January 4 2020 view full text

  • Governmental policies to reduce unhealthy food marketing to children
    Authors: Lindsey S. Taillie, Emily Busey, Mediano F. Stoltze, Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier
    Published in: Nutrition Reviews, November 1 2019 view full text

  • Rural areas drive increases in global obesity
    Author: Barry M. Popkin
    Published in: Nature, May 2019 view full text

  • Obesity and the food system transformation in Latin America
    Authors: Baryy M. Popkin, Reardon T
    Published in: Obesity Reviews, August 2018 view full text

  • Ultra-processed food intake and obesity: What really matters for health — processing or nutrient content?
    Authors: Jennifer M. Poti, Bianca Braga, Bo Qin
    Published in: Curr Obes Rep, October 25 2017 view full text